{"id":5526,"date":"2025-07-10T00:05:57","date_gmt":"2025-07-10T00:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/index.php\/les-operations-dokada-au-ghana-necessite-economique-ou-risque-pour-la-securite\/"},"modified":"2025-07-10T00:07:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T00:07:20","slug":"les-operations-dokada-au-ghana-necessite-economique-ou-risque-pour-la-securite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/les-operations-dokada-au-ghana-necessite-economique-ou-risque-pour-la-securite\/","title":{"rendered":"Les op\u00e9rations Okada au Ghana : n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique ou risque pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me de taxis-motos \u00ab\u00a0Okadas\u00a0\u00bb suscite d’intenses discussions publiques dans tout le Ghana. Les Okadas sont n\u00e9s au Nigeria dans les ann\u00e9es 1990 avant de se r\u00e9pandre au Ghana. Une partie des moyens de transport pour les zones urbaines et rurales repose sur les Okadas parce que les services de transport public ne peuvent pas atteindre ces endroits (1)(2). Une partie de la population urbaine et rurale choisit les Okadas en raison de leur prix abordable et de leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des endroits \u00e9loign\u00e9s, tandis qu’une grande partie des jeunes ch\u00f4meurs se lancent dans l’exploitation d’Okadas pour gagner de l’argent. Le r\u00e8glement sur la circulation routi\u00e8re de 2012 (L.I. 2180) interdit les Okadas, mais les repr\u00e9sentants du gouvernement ont du mal \u00e0 choisir entre une interdiction ax\u00e9e sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l’expansion \u00e9conomique du service. <\/p>\n\n

N\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Le ch\u00f4mage des jeunes adultes a fait des entreprises d’Okada la base \u00e9conomique essentielle qui leur offre un emploi. Le manque d’emplois formels ad\u00e9quats au Ghana fait des Okadas la m\u00e9thode la plus rapide pour gagner de l’argent (3)(4). Les Okadas cr\u00e9ent des \u00e9conomies urbaines informelles essentielles en soutenant les activit\u00e9s commerciales locales et les op\u00e9rations logistiques et en fournissant des emplois \u00e0 leurs conducteurs (3). Le contr\u00f4le officiel des okadas et une surveillance ad\u00e9quate permettraient de cr\u00e9er des environnements de travail plus s\u00fbrs et d’\u00e9largir les possibilit\u00e9s financi\u00e8res, ce qui favoriserait l’int\u00e9gration des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9conomiques informels actuels (7). <\/p>\n\n

La majorit\u00e9 des Ghan\u00e9ens des zones rurales ont besoin des Okadas comme moyen de transport principal parce que les transports publics ne r\u00e9pondent pas \u00e0 leurs besoins (8)(20). Les motos sont des moyens de transport essentiels dans les zones recul\u00e9es car elles s’adaptent bien aux mauvaises conditions routi\u00e8res. L’augmentation du nombre de motos entra\u00eene la cr\u00e9ation d’emplois dans les services d’entretien et les activit\u00e9s de soutien (4)(19). <\/p>\n\n

Risques et pr\u00e9occupations en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

La large distribution des Okadas \u00e0 travers la nation produit divers effets d\u00e9favorables. Les statistiques officielles indiquent que les accidents li\u00e9s aux Okadas ont caus\u00e9 plus de 700 d\u00e9c\u00e8s en 2019 (9)(10). La combinaison dangereuse des habitudes de vitesse des conducteurs urbains avec le manque d’attention et les actions de conduite imprudente conduit \u00e0 ces statistiques alarmantes (9). Les \u00e9tablissements m\u00e9dicaux ont trait\u00e9 de nombreux patients bless\u00e9s au cours des trois premiers mois de 2020 (21). <\/p>\n\n

L’utilisation abusive des Okadas entra\u00eene \u00e0 la fois des menaces pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du public et des activit\u00e9s criminelles. Les Okadas fonctionnent en dehors des structures \u00e9tablies, ce qui les expose aux vols \u00e0 main arm\u00e9e car il devient difficile de contr\u00f4ler ces v\u00e9hicules (2)(9). Lorsque les jeunes adultes perdent leur position de soutien financier de la famille, ils subissent de graves pr\u00e9judices sociaux (9). Les questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 requi\u00e8rent la collaboration de plusieurs agences telles que la police ghan\u00e9enne et le minist\u00e8re des transports pour \u00eatre r\u00e9solues (13)(16). <\/p>\n\n

Perception du public<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Diff\u00e9rents groupes de personnes ont des opinions oppos\u00e9es sur les conducteurs d’Okada. Une partie du public consid\u00e8re les conducteurs d’Okada \u00e0 la fois comme une menace pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique et comme une source \u00e9conomique vitale pour les jeunes ch\u00f4meurs (4). Les partisans d’une application stricte de la loi se heurtent \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance de ceux qui soutiennent le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 r\u00e9glement\u00e9s, ce qui cr\u00e9e une impasse politique (6)(14). <\/p>\n\n

\u00c9tudes de cas et r\u00e9alit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

La r\u00e9gion de la Volta et plusieurs autres r\u00e9gions du pays d\u00e9pendent des Okadas car ces v\u00e9hicules constituent le seul syst\u00e8me de transport disponible dans les zones d\u00e9pourvues de transport conventionnel (23). Les r\u00e9sultats des recherches indiquent que les Okadas remplacent d\u00e9sormais les services de transport public sur le march\u00e9 (6)(8). <\/p>\n\n

L’utilisation g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e des okadas est li\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes socio-\u00e9conomiques, dont les taux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de ch\u00f4mage et de pauvret\u00e9. Des recherches men\u00e9es dans l’\u00c9tat de Nasarawa, au Nigeria, ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que 38,57 % des participants consid\u00e9raient le ch\u00f4mage et la pauvret\u00e9 comme des obstacles majeurs \u00e0 l’expansion \u00e9conomique, ce qui a eu un impact n\u00e9gatif sur leurs activit\u00e9s commerciales et a entra\u00een\u00e9 une hausse des statistiques de la criminalit\u00e9 (4). Les observations montrent comment les okadas fonctionnent \u00e0 la fois comme des opportunit\u00e9s d’emploi pour de nombreux conducteurs tout en repr\u00e9sentant les d\u00e9fis \u00e9conomiques qui affectent leurs communaut\u00e9s. <\/p>\n\n

Cadre r\u00e9glementaire et lacunes politiques<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Les okadas sont ill\u00e9gales au regard du code de la route ghan\u00e9en, mais les autorit\u00e9s peinent \u00e0 faire respecter cette r\u00e9glementation. La proposition de L.I. 2180 pr\u00e9voit la cr\u00e9ation d’un syndicat pour renforcer la coordination et la responsabilit\u00e9, comme indiqu\u00e9 au point (14)(24). Le gouvernement maintient des politiques peu claires et des syst\u00e8mes d’application inad\u00e9quats, ce qui entra\u00eene une ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 juridique persistante. Toutes les parties prenantes doivent \u00e9tudier les avantages financiers et les risques pour la sant\u00e9 publique. <\/p>\n\n

Les okadas remplissent des fonctions qui vont au-del\u00e0 du transport, car ces v\u00e9hicules s’attaquent \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes nationaux vitaux par le biais de solutions socio-\u00e9conomiques. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leurs services de transport, les jeunes sont responsabilis\u00e9s en m\u00eame temps que les op\u00e9rations commerciales aident les \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 acc\u00e9der aux \u00e9tablissements d’enseignement et \u00e0 l’emploi (25). Le nombre croissant d’Okadas pose des probl\u00e8mes de gestion du trafic urbain et entra\u00eene simultan\u00e9ment une pollution de l’environnement et des probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les zones avoisinantes (15)(26). <\/p>\n\n

La cr\u00e9ation de syndicats pour les op\u00e9rateurs de motos et de tricycles a \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9e pour faciliter une meilleure coordination avec les forces de l’ordre, afin d’am\u00e9liorer l’ordre dans le secteur (14). Cependant, les risques potentiels associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la l\u00e9galisation des op\u00e9rations d’okada suscitent des inqui\u00e9tudes. <\/p>\n\n

Des pays comme le Kenya et l’Ouganda, qui ont connu une augmentation de l’utilisation de l’okada, font \u00e9tat de probl\u00e8mes tels que l’augmentation des accidents de la circulation et des d\u00e9c\u00e8s, ce qui soul\u00e8ve la question de savoir si la l\u00e9galisation de ces services conduira \u00e0 des solutions de transport durables ou exacerbera les probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 existants (24)(8).<\/p>\n\n

Conclusion<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Le d\u00e9bat sur les Okadas au Ghana persiste parce que les gens sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis entre leurs besoins \u00e9conomiques et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique. Les risques graves pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 l’emportent sur les services essentiels fournis par les Okadas, car ces v\u00e9hicules ne respectent pas les normes et r\u00e9glementations en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. La mise en \u0153uvre de r\u00e9glementations strictes par le biais de licences, de formations, d’\u00e9quipements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d’organisations syndicales constitue une solution qui pr\u00e9serve les avantages tout en r\u00e9pondant aux pr\u00e9occupations en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Le gouvernement doit choisir entre une r\u00e9glementation imm\u00e9diate de l’Okada et le d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes de transport public am\u00e9lior\u00e9s. Le conflit entre les mesures n\u00e9cessaires et les risques de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 s’aggravera \u00e0 moins que des interventions n\u00e9cessaires n’aient lieu. <\/p>\n\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

(1)https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okada_(moto_taxi)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(2)https:\/\/ama.gov.gh\/documents\/The_okada_phenomenon-to_legalize_or_to_maintain_the_ban_.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(3)https:\/\/www.aceye.org\/okada-business-safety-or-saving-livelihoods-a-cause-effect-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(4)https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/1344892366169988\/posts\/1654022408590314\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(5) https:\/\/journals.flvc.org\/ASQ\/article\/download\/136140\/140641\/262388<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(6)https:\/\/theannouncergh.com\/article.php?id=9292<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(7)https:\/\/www.myjoyonline.com\/a-view-from-accra-city-hall-the-okada-phenomenon-to-legalise-or-not-to-legalise\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(8)https:\/\/www.ghanaweb.com\/GhanaHomePage\/NewsArchive\/Okada-supports-Ghana-s-economy-Alabi-1060567<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(9)https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/2945354\/A_STUDY_OF_THE_ROLE_OF_OKADA_RIDERS_IN_THE_SOCIO_ECONOMIC_DEVELOPMENT<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(10)https:\/\/www.myjoyonline.com\/okada-is-a-more-convenient-and-cost-effective-transport-option-mahama-announces-legalisation-plans\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(11)https:\/\/thebftonline.com\/2020\/09\/16\/understanding-the-okada-economy-legalise-and-regulate\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(12)https:\/\/www.ghanaweb.com\/GhanaHomePage\/NewsArchive\/Okada-easing-transportation-challenges-in-communities-in-Lower-Manya-Krobo-1165987<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(13)https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/revolutionizing-okada-tech-solution-safer-more-accessible-jesse-manu-kvukf<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(14)https:\/\/ghanaiantimes.com.gh\/okada-ban-and-the-spread-of-covid-19-pandemic\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(15)https:\/\/citinewsroom.com\/2020\/08\/high-rate-of-okada-deaths-let-us-learn-from-nigeria-article\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(16)https:\/\/ghana.iom.int\/sites\/g\/files\/tmzbdl2291\/files\/documents\/2023-05\/iom-ghana-security-perception-study-2023-digital.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(17)https:\/\/thecustodianghonline.com\/the-safety-of-motor-cyclists-or-okada\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(18) https:\/\/www.ghanaweb.com\/GhanaHomePage\/NewsArchive\/Okada-should-be-moved-from-city-centres-Bureau-of-Public-Safety-1042579<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(19)https:\/\/www.modernghana.com\/news\/1385541\/of-okada-aboboyaa-and-streetlights-in-accra.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(20)https:\/\/journals.aphriapub.com\/index.php\/NAUJS\/article\/download\/2439\/2252\/3950<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(21)https:\/\/africa.businessinsider.com\/local\/markets\/ghana-introduces-new-rules-for-okada-riders-only-25-year-olds-and-above-can-ride\/tpykgyz<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(22)https:\/\/journals.flvc.org\/ASQ\/article\/view\/136140\/140641<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(23)https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20814-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(24)https:\/\/thebftonline.com\/2025\/03\/28\/the-long-ride-to-okada-legalisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n

(25)https:\/\/socialscienceresearch.org\/index.php\/GJHSS\/article\/view\/100311\/5-The-Effect-of-Socio-Economic-Survival-of_tex<\/a> (26)https:\/\/starrfm.com.gh\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/FINAL-report-okada-studies.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Introduction Le syst\u00e8me de taxis-motos \u00ab\u00a0Okadas\u00a0\u00bb suscite d’intenses discussions publiques dans tout le Ghana. Les Okadas sont n\u00e9s au Nigeria dans les ann\u00e9es 1990 avant de se r\u00e9pandre au Ghana. Une partie des moyens de transport pour les zones urbaines et rurales repose sur les Okadas parce que les services de transport public ne peuvent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5523,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[187,199,133],"tags":[226,244],"class_list":["post-5526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyse","category-economie","category-entreprises","tag-2025-fr","tag-7eme-edition-2025"],"yoast_head":"\nLes op\u00e9rations Okada au Ghana : n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique ou risque pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 - CISA NEWSLETTER<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/les-operations-dokada-au-ghana-necessite-economique-ou-risque-pour-la-securite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les op\u00e9rations Okada au Ghana : n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique ou risque pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 - CISA NEWSLETTER\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction Le syst\u00e8me de taxis-motos \u00ab\u00a0Okadas\u00a0\u00bb suscite d’intenses discussions publiques dans tout le Ghana. 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