{"id":4087,"date":"2024-10-17T14:09:17","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T14:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/index.php\/african-elections-and-the-mis-disinformation-scourge\/"},"modified":"2024-10-31T22:37:50","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T22:37:50","slug":"african-elections-and-the-mis-disinformation-scourge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/african-elections-and-the-mis-disinformation-scourge\/","title":{"rendered":"Les \u00e9lections africaines et le fl\u00e9au de la d\u00e9sinformation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

L’ann\u00e9e 2024 est importante pour l’Afrique, car pr\u00e8s d’un tiers de ses pays organisent des \u00e9lections nationales. Les \u00e9lections sont fondamentales pour la gouvernance d\u00e9mocratique, essentielles pour la transition politique et n\u00e9cessaires pour donner une l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 \u00e0 tout changement de gouvernement. Dans un monde de plus en plus num\u00e9ris\u00e9 o\u00f9 les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sont devenues plus petites, cela est encore plus important, car les partis qui gagnent auront la responsabilit\u00e9 globale de la mise en \u0153uvre de l’agenda de d\u00e9veloppement des nations. Nulle part ailleurs cet aspect n’est aussi crucial qu’en Afrique pour l’ann\u00e9e 2024. <\/p>\n\n

This is exemplified by the fact that Botswana will be going to the polls to elect a new National Assembly and local authorities on 30 October 2024. Similarly, there are four other scheduled elections in Africa in November. These include Somaliland, which will be electing a new president on 13 November, Guinea Bissau which will also be electing a new national assembly on 24 November and Namibia which will be electing a new president and new national assembly on 27 November. On 30 November, Mauritius will be holding its general elections. Ghanaians will take their turn on 7 December to elect a new president and parliament, while Chad will be electing national and local assembly members on 29 December. Chad has already held its presidential election on 6 May 2024. These are the remaining elections confirmed for the rest of the year in Africa, according to Africanarguments.org. <\/p>\n\n

Plusieurs pays africains ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 organis\u00e9 des \u00e9lections entre janvier et aujourd’hui. L’Alg\u00e9rie a tenu son \u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle le 7 septembre 2024. Elle \u00e9tait initialement pr\u00e9vue pour d\u00e9cembre de cette ann\u00e9e, mais le pr\u00e9sident Abdelmadjid Tebboune, 78 ans, l’a avanc\u00e9e et a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9\u00e9lu avec 94,65 des suffrages exprim\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n

Comoros elected a new president and governors on 14 January and on 29 May, Madagascar elected a new national assembly while Mauritania elected a new president and senate on 29 June.<\/p>\n\n

En octobre, les Tunisiens et les Mozambicains se sont rendus aux urnes pour \u00e9lire des pr\u00e9sidents, des parlementaires et des gouverneurs de province. Les Rwadiens avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 tenu leurs \u00e9lections, tout comme le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, qui a tenu son scrutin pour \u00e9lire un pr\u00e9sident. Ces \u00e9lections avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es d’une tentative rat\u00e9e de l’ancien pr\u00e9sident Macky Sall de retarder les \u00e9lections d’un an. Dans ce cas pr\u00e9cis, les \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives n’ont pas encore eu lieu et se tiendront le17<\/sup> novembre. <\/p>\n\n

Tous ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments montrent \u00e0 quel point le continent africain a \u00e9t\u00e9 occup\u00e9 par les \u00e9lections cette ann\u00e9e, et que cette tendance devrait se poursuivre jusqu’\u00e0 la fin de l’ann\u00e9e 2024. Malgr\u00e9 cela, un d\u00e9fi \u00e9vident est apparu : la question de la d\u00e9sinformation et de la m\u00e9sinformation. L’Afrique n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9e par la diffusion <\/strong>d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e ou involontaire de fausses nouvelles, <\/strong>qui sont devenues le fl\u00e9au des \u00e9lections nationales dans le monde entier. <\/p>\n\n

Cet article traite de la d\u00e9sinformation et des fausses informations en tant que d\u00e9fi \u00e9mergent et probl\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 majeur qui requiert une attention particuli\u00e8re, ainsi que des strat\u00e9gies cl\u00e9s n\u00e9cessaires pour y faire face. Sans cela, il est possible de compromettre le r\u00e9sultat des \u00e9lections, de provoquer l’instabilit\u00e9 et, en fin de compte, d’entra\u00eener des troubles, en particulier chez les jeunes qui ma\u00eetrisent les technologies et sont conscients de l’importance de l’informatique.<\/p>\n\n

Recent Incidents of Misinformation in Elections.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Technology improvements and the incidence of Artificial Intelligence have made technology savvy individuals with malicious intent more capable of misinformation. At the same time, artificial intelligence can be used to support individuals and groups to achieve stated objectives. In the run-up to the 9-phase elections from 7 April to 12 May in India, for example, the influence of AI-induced mis\/disinformation was substantively felt. Prime Minister Narendra Modi used AI to address an audience in Hindi by using the government-created AI tool Bhashini, which was then translated into Tamil in real-time. <\/p>\n\n

De l’autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la fronti\u00e8re, au Pakistan, Amnesty International a autoris\u00e9 l’homme politique emprisonn\u00e9 Imran Khan \u00e0 prendre la parole lors d’un rassemblement. L’incidence des m\u00e9dias sociaux a fourni aux politiciens et aux partis politiques des plateformes pour diffuser des informations (d\u00e9clarations de presse, vid\u00e9os et photos d’activit\u00e9s politiques, de r\u00e9alisations, etc.) Cela se fait \u00e0 bien moindre co\u00fbt qu’auparavant, car les plateformes qui rassemblent un grand nombre de personnes permettent une diffusion \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle \u00e0 un co\u00fbt minime par rapport aux m\u00e9dias traditionnels.<\/p>\n\n

Les avantages de l’intelligence artificielle ne sont toutefois pas sans poser de probl\u00e8mes. Lors des \u00e9lections indiennes, deux vid\u00e9os virales ont montr\u00e9 les stars de Bollywood Ranveer Singh et Aamir Khan faisant campagne pour le parti d’opposition, le Congr\u00e8s, selon la BBC. Il s’agit de vid\u00e9os de d\u00e9sinformation con\u00e7ues par l’IA. Les deux victimes ont port\u00e9 plainte aupr\u00e8s de la police, affirmant qu’il s’agissait de deepfakes, r\u00e9alis\u00e9s sans leur consentement.<\/p>\n\n

This issue gained traction on 29th<\/sup> April when Prime Minister Modi also raised concerns about AI being used to distort speeches by senior leaders of the ruling party including him. The result was the arrest of two people from the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and the Congress party. These arrests were in connection with a doctored video of Home Minister Amit Shah. <\/p>\n\n

L’intelligence artificielle a \u00e9galement permis de cr\u00e9er des deepfakes de politiciens populaires d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s qui attirent les \u00e9lecteurs comme s’ils \u00e9taient encore en vie. C’est devenu une tactique de campagne populaire en Inde. Au Bangladesh voisin, une vid\u00e9o a \u00e9t\u00e9 diffus\u00e9e montrant une l\u00e9gislatrice de l’opposition – un pays conservateur \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 musulmane – portant un bikini.<\/p>\n\n

Selon TechTarget[1]<\/a>, Deepfake AI est \u00ab\u00a0un type d’intelligence artificielle utilis\u00e9 pour cr\u00e9er des canulars convaincants en mati\u00e8re d’images, d’audio et de vid\u00e9o\u00a0\u00bb. Le terme d\u00e9crit \u00e0 la fois la technologie et le contenu bidon qui en r\u00e9sulte. Il s’agit d’un portmanteau de \u00ab\u00a0deep learning\u00a0\u00bb (apprentissage profond) et \u00ab\u00a0fake\u00a0\u00bb (faux). Les deepfakes, note TechTarget, transforment souvent un contenu source existant o\u00f9 une personne est remplac\u00e9e par une autre. Ils cr\u00e9ent \u00e9galement des contenus enti\u00e8rement originaux dans lesquels une personne est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e en train de faire ou de dire quelque chose qu’elle n’a pas fait ou dit.<\/p>\n\n

TechTarget met en garde : \u00ab\u00a0Le plus grand danger pos\u00e9 par les deepfakes est leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 diffuser de fausses informations qui semblent provenir de sources fiables. Par exemple, en 2022, une vid\u00e9o \u00ab\u00a0deepfake\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e montrant le pr\u00e9sident ukrainien Volodymyr Zelenskyy demandant \u00e0 ses troupes de se rendre.\u00a0\u00bb Elle ajoute que si les \u00ab\u00a0deepfakes\u00a0\u00bb constituent une menace s\u00e9rieuse, ils ont aussi des utilisations l\u00e9gitimes, comme les jeux vid\u00e9o audio et les divertissements, ainsi que les applications d’assistance \u00e0 la client\u00e8le et de r\u00e9ponse aux appels, telles que le transfert d’appel et les services de r\u00e9ceptionniste.<\/p>\n\n

Les \u00ab\u00a0deepfakes\u00a0\u00bb se sont \u00e9galement infiltr\u00e9s dans les \u00e9lections am\u00e9ricaines. Un article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par Emil Sayegh, pr\u00e9sident-directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Ntirety et publi\u00e9 le 14 mai 2024 par Forbes \u00e9num\u00e8re les exemples suivants de \u00ab\u00a0deepfakes\u00a0\u00bb li\u00e9s aux \u00e9lections :<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. A manipulated video on Twitter suggesting President Biden incorrectly stated Russia\u2019s occupation duration of Kyiv.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Manipulated footage claiming Senator Elizabeth Warren advocated barring Republicans from voting in the 2024 presidential election.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Altered audio on TikTok falsely conveying President Biden\u2019s threats to deploy F-15s to Texas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. A video alteration making Vice President Harris appear inebriated and nonsensical.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. An online AI-generated photo falsely showing ex-President Donald Trump with Jeffrey Epstein and an underage girl.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. AI-created images on x (formerly Twitter) falsely depicting President Biden in military attire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. A PAC-supported advertisement misusing AI to replicate Donald Trump\u2019s criticism of Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. AI-generated portrayals of Donald Trump and Joe Biden in a fictitious debate on Twitch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. A DeSantis campaign video with AI-fabricated images attacking Donald Trump.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Synthetic speech suggesting President Biden made comments on financial instability, potentially inciting market chaos or misleading corporate leaders.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Un article de Shanze Hasan publi\u00e9 le 6 juin 2024 sur www.brennancenter.org mentionne qu’au d\u00e9but de l’ann\u00e9e, des appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques robotis\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par l’IA ont imit\u00e9 la voix du pr\u00e9sident Biden, ciblant les \u00e9lecteurs du New Hampshire et les d\u00e9courageant de voter lors des primaires. En outre, une image g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l’IA repr\u00e9sentant faussement l’ancien pr\u00e9sident Trump en compagnie du trafiquant sexuel Jeffrey Epstein et d’une jeune fille a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 circuler sur Twitter.<\/p>\n\n

    Outside the US, the article listed a few other election-related incidents such as the circulation of deepfakes in the Slovakian election last year, defaming a political party leader and possibly helping swing the election in favour of his pro-Russia opponent.<\/p>\n\n

    A 16 March 2024 VOA report on Slovakia said there was a fake audio of the country\u2019s liberal party leader discussing changing ballots and raising the price of beer.<\/p>\n\n

    La VOA cite \u00e9galement une vid\u00e9o dans laquelle la pr\u00e9sidente pro-occidentale de la Moldavie apporte son soutien \u00e0 un parti politique ami de la Russie.<\/p>\n\n

    Shanze Hasan\u2019s article, titled, \u2018The Effect of AI on Elections Around the World and What to Do About It,\u2019 recalled that in January this year, the Chinese government tried to deploy AI deepfakes to meddle in the Taiwanese election. <\/p>\n\n

    Un deepfake montrait une pr\u00e9sentatrice de la BBC, Sarah Campbell, affirmant \u00e0 tort que le Premier ministre britannique Rishi Sunak faisait la promotion d’une plateforme d’investissement frauduleuse. L’article mentionne un cas o\u00f9 le principal candidat \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence en Indon\u00e9sie, un ancien g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, a utilis\u00e9 un dessin anim\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par l’IA pour s’humaniser afin de s\u00e9duire les jeunes \u00e9lecteurs.<\/p>\n\n

    In Belarus, the country\u2019s embattled opposition ran an AI-generated \u201ccandidate\u201d for parliament. Le candidat – un chatbot qui se d\u00e9crit comme un homme de 35 ans originaire de Minsk – fait partie d’une campagne de sensibilisation visant \u00e0 aider l’opposition, dont beaucoup se sont exil\u00e9s, \u00e0 toucher les \u00e9lecteurs bi\u00e9lorusses.<\/p>\n\n

    \u00c0 l’approche des \u00e9lections pr\u00e9vues en 2025 \u00e0 Singapour, le pays a d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre confront\u00e9 \u00e0 la menace des \u00ab\u00a0deepfakes\u00a0\u00bb de l’IA. Channelnewsasia.com reported on 1 June 2024 that a widely circulated WhatsApp message was making the rounds claiming that new Prime Minister Lawrence Wong has called for polls to be held on September 6, 2024.<\/p>\n\n

    Quelques exemples de d\u00e9sinformation et de m\u00e9sinformation lors d’\u00e9lections africaines r\u00e9centes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    Les r\u00e9centes \u00e9lections en Afrique du Sud ont mis en lumi\u00e8re l’influence des m\u00e9dias sociaux et de l’IA sur la politique africaine lorsque les g\u00e9ants de la technologie Meta (propri\u00e9taires de Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram et Threads), ainsi que TikTok, X (anciennement Twitter) et Google ont refus\u00e9 de partager des informations et de s’engager avec la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile pr\u00e9vue. Il s’agissait d’informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur leurs projets \u00e9lectoraux, de plans pour s’engager avec la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et pour corriger les fake news et les propos intempestifs v\u00e9hicul\u00e9s par les m\u00e9dias sociaux. Il s’agissait d’une tentative d’emp\u00eacher ce qui s’est pass\u00e9 en 2021, qui a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 des violences ayant entra\u00een\u00e9 la mort de 300 personnes \u00e0 la suite d’une affaire d’outrage au tribunal contre l’ancien pr\u00e9sident Jacob Zuma, qui est aujourd’hui le chef du parti dissident uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK). <\/p>\n\n

    Avant l’\u00e9lection, M. Zuma a \u00e9t\u00e9 disqualifi\u00e9 en raison d’une condamnation ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 une peine de prison pour outrage au tribunal. Ses partisans ont rejet\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision et ont menac\u00e9 de recourir \u00e0 la violence.<\/p>\n\n

    In Nigeria, disinformation was rampant during the 2023 elections, where multiple strategies were used to mislead voters according to Africa Check and AFP Check. Manipulated videos falsely showed Hollywood stars endorsing Peter Obi, while other posts claimed that APC’s Bola Tinubu had hoarded truckloads of cash amid a national currency shortage. Bots and trolls were also employed on social media to manipulate narratives and polarise voters along ethnic and religious lines. Fake news websites proliferated, publishing unsubstantiated claims about candidates. Despite efforts by fact-checkers, including Africa Check and the Nigeria Factcheckers’ Coalition, the sheer volume of disinformation made it challenging to combat the disinformation. <\/p>\n\n

    De m\u00eame, lors des \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de 2022 au Kenya, de fausses affirmations sur le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectoral, des images manipul\u00e9es et de faux r\u00e9sultats de vote ont circul\u00e9 \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle sur des plateformes telles que WhatsApp et Facebook. En outre, les campagnes ont aliment\u00e9 les tensions ethniques et diffus\u00e9 de la d\u00e9sinformation pour d\u00e9l\u00e9gitimer les rivaux politiques. Les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, comme l’initiative Fumbua, ont permis de d\u00e9mystifier de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9ventive les faux r\u00e9cits et d’att\u00e9nuer l’impact de ce contenu pr\u00e9judiciable.<\/p>\n\n

    The Africa Centre for Strategic Studies also noted that Russian-backed disinformation played a role in recent elections in Nigeria (2023) and Kenya (2022). It said the campaigns typically circulate false information to undermine election credibility, spread confusion, and erode trust in democratic institutions. <\/p>\n\n

    Selon le rapport du Centre intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Mapping a Surge of Disinformation in Africa\u00a0\u00bb, la Russie a parrain\u00e9 80 campagnes de d\u00e9sinformation document\u00e9es ciblant plus de 22 pays africains. Ces campagnes utilisent des tactiques telles que des influenceurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s, de fausses vid\u00e9os et des avatars num\u00e9riques pour manipuler les \u00e9lecteurs et promouvoir des r\u00e9gimes autoritaires. Par exemple, dans des pays comme le Mali, le Burkina Faso et le Niger, o\u00f9 des coups d’\u00c9tat militaires ont eu lieu r\u00e9cemment, des groupes li\u00e9s \u00e0 la Russie ont activement aliment\u00e9 des r\u00e9cits antid\u00e9mocratiques, validant les coups d’\u00c9tat et d\u00e9stabilisant le pouvoir civil.<\/p>\n\n

    Elle note que l’Afrique de l’Ouest a \u00e9t\u00e9 une cible privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e, avec pr\u00e8s de 40 % des campagnes de d\u00e9sinformation document\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9gion. Elle ajoute que la Russie a utilis\u00e9 ses ressources, en particulier le groupe Wagner, pour d\u00e9stabiliser des gouvernements et l\u00e9gitimer des coups d’\u00c9tat. <\/p>\n\n

    Lors des \u00e9lections zimbabw\u00e9ennes de 2023, l’AFP Fact Check a constat\u00e9 que la d\u00e9sinformation constituait \u00e9galement un d\u00e9fi de taille. Des articles de fausses nouvelles et des images trafiqu\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 diffus\u00e9s pour affaiblir l’opposition, tandis que la d\u00e9sinformation sur le processus \u00e9lectoral lui-m\u00eame a sem\u00e9 la confusion et r\u00e9duit la confiance du public dans les r\u00e9sultats. La diffusion de fausses informations a \u00e9t\u00e9 exacerb\u00e9e par la faible culture num\u00e9rique du pays, ce qui a rendu plus difficile pour les \u00e9lecteurs de faire la diff\u00e9rence entre les sources cr\u00e9dibles et les fausses informations. <\/p>\n\n

    Lors des \u00e9lections de juin 2023 en Sierra Leone, le PNUD et Voice of America ont not\u00e9 que la d\u00e9sinformation a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important, en particulier sur les plateformes de m\u00e9dias sociaux comme Facebook et WhatsApp. La circulation d’images et de vid\u00e9os manipul\u00e9es destin\u00e9es \u00e0 induire les \u00e9lecteurs en erreur en est un exemple cl\u00e9. Pour lutter contre cela, la Sierra Leone a mis en place la plateforme de v\u00e9rification des faits iVerify, soutenue par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le d\u00e9veloppement (PNUD), qui a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier l’authenticit\u00e9 du contenu li\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections. Ce syst\u00e8me a permis aux \u00e9lecteurs de soumettre des contenus douteux \u00e0 la v\u00e9rification des faits, garantissant ainsi que les citoyens puissent acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des informations exactes parmi le flot de fausses informations. Parmi les tactiques les plus courantes, citons la diffusion de rumeurs sur les politiques des candidats et de fausses informations sur les proc\u00e9dures de vote, dans le but de supprimer ou d’embrouiller les \u00e9lecteurs. La plateforme iVerify a collabor\u00e9 avec des campagnes d’\u00e9ducation aux m\u00e9dias et a utilis\u00e9 l’intelligence artificielle pour signaler et v\u00e9rifier rapidement les contenus douteux. <\/p>\n\n

    Le PNUD a \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 que les \u00e9lections de 2023 en C\u00f4te d’Ivoire ont connu des probl\u00e8mes de d\u00e9sinformation, notamment parce que le m\u00eame niveau de syst\u00e8mes organis\u00e9s de v\u00e9rification des faits, comme iVerify, n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 dans ce pays. Le PNUD a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que plusieurs rapports indiquaient que les contenus manipul\u00e9s et les r\u00e9cits trompeurs avaient un impact sur la perception du public. <\/p>\n\n

    Impact de la d\u00e9sinformation sur la d\u00e9mocratie en Afrique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    L’utilisation de la d\u00e9sinformation pour l\u00e9gitimer les coups d’\u00c9tat en Afrique constitue une menace pour les tentatives et les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s depuis des d\u00e9cennies par les diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales du continent pour enraciner la d\u00e9mocratie et en faire la forme de gouvernance la plus privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e. C’est particuli\u00e8rement dangereux pour un continent dont la d\u00e9mocratie doit encore m\u00fbrir au point de pouvoir r\u00e9sister \u00e0 l’\u00e9preuve du temps.<\/p>\n\n

    Furthermore, it is particularly worrying that a continent with so many different languages, ethnic groups, cultures, religions and people, could easily become prone to inter-ethnic and inter-religious conflicts. The scourge of mis\/disinformation must be reined in to avert another Rwandan genocide since in Africa, political parties are almost always tied to specific ethnic groups as their primary support base. <\/p>\n\n

    In addition to the above, mis\/disinformation could be a major threat to the peace and security of Africa during elections as it may embolden a losing party to refuse to concede, leading to incitement of its support base to conflict against the electoral authorities and security agencies. Such conflict could be the nucleus of a civil war that may end up plummeting an entire country into the abyss. Mis\/disinformation could as be a manipulative tool by foreign powers to perpetuate their preferred pawns in power through whom they exercise proxy authority in a neo-colonial style. It can be a conduit to steal the will of the people and foist dictators on a country. Africans, therefore, must strive to put in fact-checking measures that help to flag disinformation and misinformation, especially during elections to neutralise their intended impact and effect on the psyche of the continent\u2019s peoples. <\/p>\n\n

    Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    L’apparition de la d\u00e9sinformation \u00e0 travers le monde et ses cons\u00e9quences, en particulier lors des \u00e9lections, constituent une menace pour l’avancement de la d\u00e9mocratie dans le monde. L’Afrique se trouve \u00e0 un carrefour o\u00f9 les progr\u00e8s technologiques peuvent engendrer et diffuser des informations erron\u00e9es. Afin de pr\u00e9venir l’aggravation des effets de cette incidence, la CISA recommande ce qui suit ;<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • Media Literacy Education \u2013 this is particularly important as the media holds significant sway over the reading and watching public in many African nation. Cette \u00e9ducation aux m\u00e9dias devrait \u00eatre con\u00e7ue de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 rendre les utilisateurs des m\u00e9dias plus conscients de l’impact des m\u00e9dias sociaux pendant les \u00e9lections et des probl\u00e8mes de d\u00e9sinformation et de m\u00e9sinformation qui en d\u00e9coulent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
        \n
      • D\u00e9velopper des initiatives et des syst\u00e8mes de v\u00e9rification des faits – Cela est n\u00e9cessaire pour permettre aux citoyens de v\u00e9rifier les faits et de savoir par eux-m\u00eames quelle est la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 \u00e0 tout moment. Il peut \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire de soutenir des organisations ind\u00e9pendantes de v\u00e9rification des faits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
          \n
        • Am\u00e9lioration de la transparence des sources d’information – Les pays devraient s’efforcer d’\u00eatre plus ouverts et transparents en ce qui concerne le partage des informations et les sources d’information afin de faciliter la v\u00e9rification des faits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
            \n
          • Renforcer la responsabilit\u00e9 des plateformes num\u00e9riques – Ce point est \u00e9galement essentiel et devrait \u00eatre soutenu par la loi dans la mesure du possible afin de rendre les personnes responsables du contenu de leurs plateformes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
              \n
            • D\u00e9veloppement de solutions technologiques et mise en place d’institutions cl\u00e9s telles que les centres de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour traquer et identifier les auteurs de fausses informations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
                \n
              • Cadres juridiques et politiques – ce cadre devrait \u00eatre institu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 promulguer des lois qui traitent de la diffusion de fausses informations, en particulier dans les contextes politiques. Il serait n\u00e9cessaire de travailler de concert avec d’autres institutions au niveau international. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
                  \n
                • Encourage Personal Responsibility \u2013 encourage citizens to share responsibly by verifying information prior to clicking the share button.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Introduction L’ann\u00e9e 2024 est importante pour l’Afrique, car pr\u00e8s d’un tiers de ses pays organisent des \u00e9lections nationales. Les \u00e9lections sont fondamentales pour la gouvernance d\u00e9mocratique, essentielles pour la transition politique et n\u00e9cessaires pour donner une l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 \u00e0 tout changement de gouvernement. Dans un monde de plus en plus num\u00e9ris\u00e9 o\u00f9 les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sont devenues […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4085,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"0","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[{"good_text":""}],"bad":[{"bad_text":""}],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[{"rating_text":"","rating_number":"10"}],"price":[{"shop":"","price":"","link":"","icon":""}],"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[99,187,112],"tags":[220],"class_list":["post-4087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-analyse","category-politique","tag-11e-edition-2024"],"yoast_head":"\nLes \u00e9lections africaines et le fl\u00e9au de la d\u00e9sinformation - CISA NEWSLETTER<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/african-elections-and-the-mis-disinformation-scourge\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les \u00e9lections africaines et le fl\u00e9au de la d\u00e9sinformation - CISA NEWSLETTER\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction L’ann\u00e9e 2024 est importante pour l’Afrique, car pr\u00e8s d’un tiers de ses pays organisent des \u00e9lections nationales. 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