{"id":2535,"date":"2024-01-31T13:51:53","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T13:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/index.php\/decembre-2023\/"},"modified":"2025-01-16T22:18:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T22:18:06","slug":"decembre-2023","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/editions\/decembre-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9cembre 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2535\" class=\"elementor elementor-2535 elementor-2273\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d855f0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d855f0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-433a7b1\" data-id=\"433a7b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-145df88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jnews_element_newsticker_elementor\" data-id=\"145df88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jnews_element_newsticker_elementor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg_breakingnews clearfix jnews_module__0_69fec764eac77   \">\n                <div class=\"jeg_breakingnews_title\"><i class=\"fa fa-coffee\">&nbsp;<\/i> <span>HEADLINES<\/span><\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"jeg_news_ticker\" data-autoplay='yes' data-delay='4000' data-animation='vertical'>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_news_ticker_items\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_news_ticker_item jeg_news_ticker_animated jeg_news_ticker_active format-standard\">\n                <span>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/la-cedeao-a-la-croisee-des-chemins-la-rupture-de-laes-la-diplomatie-des-etats-cotiers-et-lavenir-de-larchitecture-de-la-securite-en-afrique-de-louest\/\" >La Cedeao \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e des chemins : La rupture de l&rsquo;AES, la diplomatie des \u00c9tats c\u00f4tiers et l&rsquo;avenir de l&rsquo;architecture de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest.<\/a>\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"post-date\">\n                    5 jours ago\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div><div class=\"jeg_news_ticker_item jeg_news_ticker_animated  format-standard\">\n                <span>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/le-cyberespionnage-parraine-par-des-etats-en-afrique-le-cas-dune-doctrine-continentale-de-cybersecurite\/\" >Le cyberespionnage parrain\u00e9 par des \u00c9tats en Afrique : Le cas d&rsquo;une doctrine continentale de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a>\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"post-date\">\n                    5 jours ago\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div><div class=\"jeg_news_ticker_item jeg_news_ticker_animated  format-standard\">\n                <span>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/erosion-du-bouclier-democratique\/\" >\u00c9rosion du bouclier d\u00e9mocratique<\/a>\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"post-date\">\n                    5 jours ago\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div><div class=\"jeg_news_ticker_item jeg_news_ticker_animated  format-standard\">\n                <span>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/leffet-de-contagion-du-sahel-comment-le-ghana-evite-ou-retarde-simplement-lextremisme-violent\/\" >L&rsquo;effet de contagion du Sahel : comment le Ghana \u00e9vite ou retarde simplement l&rsquo;extr\u00e9misme violent<\/a>\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"post-date\">\n                    5 jours ago\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div><div class=\"jeg_news_ticker_item jeg_news_ticker_animated  format-standard\">\n                <span>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/la-ligne-de-front-invisible-reconceptualiser-la-guerre-non-conventionnelle-dans-les-annees-2020\/\" >La ligne de front invisible : Reconceptualiser la guerre non conventionnelle dans les ann\u00e9es 2020<\/a>\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"post-date\">\n                    2 semaines ago\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_news_ticker_control\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_news_ticker_next jeg_news_ticker_arrow\"><span>Next<\/span><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"jeg_news_ticker_prev jeg_news_ticker_arrow\"><span>Prev<\/span><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                \n            <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2336c1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2336c1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00c9CEMBRE 2023<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86d81e0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-jnews_slider_7_elementor\" data-id=\"86d81e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jnews_slider_7_elementor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg_slider_wrapper jeg_slider_type_7_wrapper jnews_module__1_69fec764f2031  \">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slider_type_7 jeg_slider jeg_col_3o3 featured-left\" data-autoplay=\"\" data-delay=\"259200000\" data-nav-prev=\"prev\" data-nav-next=\"next\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_slide_item clearfix format-standard\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n                    \n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Polls-close-in-Liberia.jpg)\">\n                \t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/liberia-un-pays-autrefois-dechire-par-la-guerre-aujourdhui-phare-de-la-democratie-en-afrique-lecons-pour-lafrique\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: Liberia : Un pays autrefois d\u00e9chir\u00e9 par la guerre, aujourd&rsquo;hui phare de la d\u00e9mocratie en Afrique &#8211; Le\u00e7ons pour l&rsquo;Afrique\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                        \t<div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n\t                            <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/editorial-fr\/\" class=\"category-editorial-fr\">\u00c9DITORIAL<\/a>\n\t                        <\/div>\n\t                        <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n\t                            <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/liberia-un-pays-autrefois-dechire-par-la-guerre-aujourdhui-phare-de-la-democratie-en-afrique-lecons-pour-lafrique\/\">Liberia : Un pays autrefois d\u00e9chir\u00e9 par la guerre, aujourd&rsquo;hui phare de la d\u00e9mocratie en Afrique &#8211; Le\u00e7ons pour l&rsquo;Afrique<\/a>\n\t                        <\/h2>\n\t                        <div class=\"jeg_post_excerpt\">\n\t\t\t                    <p><\/p>\n\t\t\t                <\/div>\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/liberia-un-pays-autrefois-dechire-par-la-guerre-aujourdhui-phare-de-la-democratie-en-afrique-lecons-pour-lafrique\/\" class=\"jeg_readmore\">Read more<\/a>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"jeg_block_nav \"> \n                        \t<a href=\"#\" class=\"prev\">\n                        \t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\n                                prev\n                        \t<\/a> \n                        \t<a href=\"#\" class=\"next\">\n                                next\n                        \t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\n                        \t<\/a> \n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    \n                <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beb3644 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jnews_slider_1_elementor\" data-id=\"beb3644\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jnews_slider_1_elementor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg_slider_wrapper jeg_slider_type_1_wrapper jnews_module__2_69fec76505d53  \">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slider_type_1 jeg_slider\" data-autoplay=\"\" data-delay=\"3000\" data-hover-action=\"\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/huit-coups-detat-en-trois-ans-lafrique-est-elle-prete-a-avancer-dans-la-democratie-ou-a-faire-le-sisyphe-dans-les-putschs\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: Huit coups d&rsquo;\u00c9tat en trois ans : L&rsquo;Afrique est-elle pr\u00eate \u00e0 avancer dans la d\u00e9mocratie ou \u00e0 faire le Sisyphe dans les putschs ?\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"810\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Huit coups d&rsquo;\u00c9tat en trois ans : L&rsquo;Afrique est-elle pr\u00eate \u00e0 avancer dans la d\u00e9mocratie ou \u00e0 faire le Sisyphe dans les putschs ?\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/coup-soldiers.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/huit-coups-detat-en-trois-ans-lafrique-est-elle-prete-a-avancer-dans-la-democratie-ou-a-faire-le-sisyphe-dans-les-putschs\/\" >Huit coups d&rsquo;\u00c9tat en trois ans : L&rsquo;Afrique est-elle pr\u00eate \u00e0 avancer dans la d\u00e9mocratie ou \u00e0 faire le Sisyphe dans les putschs ?<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/macky-sall-et-george-weah-deux-exemples-brillants-qui-ont-donne-de-lelan-a-la-democratie-en-afrique\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: Macky Sall et George Weah : deux exemples brillants qui ont donn\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9lan \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie en Afrique\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"980\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Macky Sall et George Weah : deux exemples brillants qui ont donn\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9lan \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie en Afrique\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Macky-Sall-George-Weah.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/macky-sall-et-george-weah-deux-exemples-brillants-qui-ont-donne-de-lelan-a-la-democratie-en-afrique\/\" >Macky Sall et George Weah : deux exemples brillants qui ont donn\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9lan \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie en Afrique<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/obiang-nguema-mbasogo-lhomme-de-fer-de-lafrique-dont-la-presidence-dynastique-incarne-tout-ce-qui-ne-va-pas-sur-le-continent\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: Obiang Nguema Mbasogo : L&rsquo;homme de fer de l&rsquo;Afrique dont la pr\u00e9sidence dynastique incarne tout ce qui ne va pas sur le continent\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"980\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Obiang Nguema Mbasogo : L&rsquo;homme de fer de l&rsquo;Afrique dont la pr\u00e9sidence dynastique incarne tout ce qui ne va pas sur le continent\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Teodoro-Obiang-Nguema-Mbasogo-.webp\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/obiang-nguema-mbasogo-lhomme-de-fer-de-lafrique-dont-la-presidence-dynastique-incarne-tout-ce-qui-ne-va-pas-sur-le-continent\/\" >Obiang Nguema Mbasogo : L&rsquo;homme de fer de l&rsquo;Afrique dont la pr\u00e9sidence dynastique incarne tout ce qui ne va pas sur le continent<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/les-defis-de-la-securite-dans-une-economie-numerique-en-developpement\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: Les d\u00e9fis de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans une \u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en d\u00e9veloppement\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Les d\u00e9fis de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans une \u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en d\u00e9veloppement\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Cybersecurity-Challenges.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/les-defis-de-la-securite-dans-une-economie-numerique-en-developpement\/\" >Les d\u00e9fis de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans une \u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en d\u00e9veloppement<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                           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s\u00e9curitaire des tabous dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines traditionnelles\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/african-taboos-1140x570.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/le-role-securitaire-des-tabous-dans-les-societes-africaines-traditionnelles\/\" >Le r\u00f4le s\u00e9curitaire des tabous dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines traditionnelles<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/la-durabilite-de-lalliance-pour-le-sahel-un-mythe-ou-une-realite\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: La durabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Alliance pour le Sahel &#8211; un mythe ou une r\u00e9alit\u00e9\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1025\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"La durabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Alliance pour le Sahel &#8211; un mythe ou une r\u00e9alit\u00e9\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Sahel-Alliance-1025x570.webp\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/la-durabilite-de-lalliance-pour-le-sahel-un-mythe-ou-une-realite\/\" >La durabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Alliance pour le Sahel &#8211; un mythe ou une r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/le-franc-cfa-dernier-vestige-du-colonialisme-francais-le-sahel-sera-t-il-le-dernier-clou-du-cercueil\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: Le franc CFA, dernier vestige du colonialisme fran\u00e7ais : Le \u00ab\u00a0Sahel\u00a0\u00bb sera-t-il le dernier clou du cercueil ?\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Le franc CFA, dernier vestige du colonialisme fran\u00e7ais : Le \u00ab\u00a0Sahel\u00a0\u00bb sera-t-il le dernier clou du cercueil ?\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/CFA-franc.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/le-franc-cfa-dernier-vestige-du-colonialisme-francais-le-sahel-sera-t-il-le-dernier-clou-du-cercueil\/\" >Le franc CFA, dernier vestige du colonialisme fran\u00e7ais : Le \u00ab\u00a0Sahel\u00a0\u00bb sera-t-il le dernier clou du cercueil ?<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/formation-de-lalliance-des-etats-du-sahel-objectifs-et-implications-pour-la-cedeao\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: Formation de l&rsquo;Alliance des Etats du Sahel : Objectifs et implications pour la CEDEAO\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"884\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Formation de l&rsquo;Alliance des Etats du Sahel : Objectifs et implications pour la CEDEAO\" sizes=\"(max-width: 884px) 100vw, 884px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/sahel-implications-for-ecowas.png\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/formation-de-lalliance-des-etats-du-sahel-objectifs-et-implications-pour-la-cedeao\/\" >Formation de l&rsquo;Alliance des Etats du Sahel : Objectifs et implications pour la CEDEAO<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/mise-en-oeuvre-de-la-politique-de-leducation-a-lere-de-la-numerisation-une-discussion-sur-les-impacts-de-la-mise-en-oeuvre-de-la-gratuite-du-shs-au-ghana\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: Mise en \u0153uvre de la politique de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e8re de la num\u00e9risation : Une discussion sur les impacts de la mise en \u0153uvre de la gratuit\u00e9 du SHS au Ghana.\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Mise en \u0153uvre de la politique de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e8re de la num\u00e9risation : Une discussion sur les impacts de la mise en \u0153uvre de la gratuit\u00e9 du SHS au Ghana.\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/implementing-education-policy.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/mise-en-oeuvre-de-la-politique-de-leducation-a-lere-de-la-numerisation-une-discussion-sur-les-impacts-de-la-mise-en-oeuvre-de-la-gratuite-du-shs-au-ghana\/\" >Mise en \u0153uvre de la politique de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e8re de la num\u00e9risation : Une discussion sur les impacts de la mise en \u0153uvre de la gratuit\u00e9 du SHS au Ghana.<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/lintegration-de-la-securite-environnementale-dans-la-strategie-de-securite-nationale-du-ghana-preserve-lavenir\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: L&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 environnementale dans la strat\u00e9gie de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale du Ghana pr\u00e9serve l&rsquo;avenir\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"615\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"L&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 environnementale dans la strat\u00e9gie de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale du Ghana pr\u00e9serve l&rsquo;avenir\" sizes=\"(max-width: 615px) 100vw, 615px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/environmental-security.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/lintegration-de-la-securite-environnementale-dans-la-strategie-de-securite-nationale-du-ghana-preserve-lavenir\/\" >L&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 environnementale dans la strat\u00e9gie de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale du Ghana pr\u00e9serve l&rsquo;avenir<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/levolution-de-la-dynamique-de-la-securite-et-des-elections-au-ghana\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: L&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la dynamique de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des \u00e9lections au Ghana\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"929\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"L&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la dynamique de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des \u00e9lections au Ghana\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ghana-election-security-929x570.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/levolution-de-la-dynamique-de-la-securite-et-des-elections-au-ghana\/\" >L&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la dynamique de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des \u00e9lections au Ghana<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_item\">\n                    \n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/region-du-sahel-etouffer-la-democratie-sous-couvert-de-lutte-contre-le-terrorisme\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: R\u00e9gion du Sahel : Etouffer la d\u00e9mocratie sous couvert de lutte contre le terrorisme\" class=\"jeg_slide_img\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-500 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"732\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-1140x570 size-jnews-1140x570 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"R\u00e9gion du Sahel : Etouffer la d\u00e9mocratie sous couvert de lutte contre le terrorisme\" sizes=\"(max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/stifling-democracy-counter-terroism.webp\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slide_caption\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_caption_container\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/analyse\/\" class=\"category-analyse\">ANALYSE<\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <h2 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/region-du-sahel-etouffer-la-democratie-sous-couvert-de-lutte-contre-le-terrorisme\/\" >R\u00e9gion du Sahel : Etouffer la d\u00e9mocratie sous couvert de lutte contre le terrorisme<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><span class=\"jeg_meta_author\">by <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/author\/cisa-editorial\/\">CISA EDITORIAL<\/a><\/span><span class=\"jeg_meta_date\">29 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/span><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_slider_thumbnail_wrapper\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_slider_thumbnail\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item_wrapper\" ><div  class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item format-standard\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/huit-coups-detat-en-trois-ans-lafrique-est-elle-prete-a-avancer-dans-la-democratie-ou-a-faire-le-sisyphe-dans-les-putschs\/\" aria-label=\"Show article: Huit coups d&rsquo;\u00c9tat en trois ans : L&rsquo;Afrique est-elle pr\u00eate \u00e0 avancer dans la d\u00e9mocratie ou \u00e0 faire le Sisyphe dans les putschs ?\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-350x250 size-jnews-350x250 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Huit coups d&rsquo;\u00c9tat en trois ans : L&rsquo;Afrique est-elle pr\u00eate \u00e0 avancer dans la d\u00e9mocratie ou \u00e0 faire le Sisyphe dans les putschs ?\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/coup-soldiers-350x250.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item_wrapper\" ><div  class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item format-standard\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/macky-sall-et-george-weah-deux-exemples-brillants-qui-ont-donne-de-lelan-a-la-democratie-en-afrique\/\" aria-label=\"Show article: 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href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/obiang-nguema-mbasogo-lhomme-de-fer-de-lafrique-dont-la-presidence-dynastique-incarne-tout-ce-qui-ne-va-pas-sur-le-continent\/\" aria-label=\"Show article: Obiang Nguema Mbasogo : L&rsquo;homme de fer de l&rsquo;Afrique dont la pr\u00e9sidence dynastique incarne tout ce qui ne va pas sur le continent\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-350x250 size-jnews-350x250 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Obiang Nguema Mbasogo : L&rsquo;homme de fer de l&rsquo;Afrique dont la pr\u00e9sidence dynastique incarne tout ce qui ne va pas sur le continent\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Teodoro-Obiang-Nguema-Mbasogo--350x250.webp\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item_wrapper\" ><div  class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item format-standard\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/les-defis-de-la-securite-dans-une-economie-numerique-en-developpement\/\" aria-label=\"Show article: Les d\u00e9fis de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans une \u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en d\u00e9veloppement\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-350x250 size-jnews-350x250 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Les d\u00e9fis de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans une \u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique en d\u00e9veloppement\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Cybersecurity-Challenges-350x250.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item_wrapper\" ><div  class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item format-standard\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/le-role-securitaire-des-tabous-dans-les-societes-africaines-traditionnelles\/\" aria-label=\"Show article: Le r\u00f4le s\u00e9curitaire des tabous dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines traditionnelles\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-350x250 size-jnews-350x250 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Le r\u00f4le s\u00e9curitaire des tabous dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines traditionnelles\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/african-taboos-350x250.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item_wrapper\" ><div  class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item format-standard\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/la-durabilite-de-lalliance-pour-le-sahel-un-mythe-ou-une-realite\/\" aria-label=\"Show article: La durabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Alliance pour le Sahel &#8211; un mythe ou une r\u00e9alit\u00e9\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-350x250 size-jnews-350x250 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"La durabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Alliance pour le Sahel &#8211; un mythe ou une r\u00e9alit\u00e9\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Sahel-Alliance-350x250.webp\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item_wrapper\" ><div  class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item format-standard\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/le-franc-cfa-dernier-vestige-du-colonialisme-francais-le-sahel-sera-t-il-le-dernier-clou-du-cercueil\/\" aria-label=\"Show article: Le franc CFA, dernier vestige du colonialisme fran\u00e7ais : Le \u00ab\u00a0Sahel\u00a0\u00bb sera-t-il le dernier clou du cercueil ?\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-350x250 size-jnews-350x250 owl-lazy lazyload\" alt=\"Le franc CFA, dernier vestige du colonialisme fran\u00e7ais : Le \u00ab\u00a0Sahel\u00a0\u00bb sera-t-il le dernier clou du cercueil ?\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/CFA-franc-350x250.jpg\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item_wrapper\" ><div  class=\"jeg_slide_thumbnail_item 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center\",\"_mask_position_x\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0,\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_position_y\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0,\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\",\"_attributes\":\"\",\"custom_css\":\"\",\"paged\":1,\"column_class\":\"jeg_col_1o3\",\"class\":\"jnews_block_9\"};<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7066507 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jnews_block_9_elementor\" data-id=\"7066507\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jnews_block_9_elementor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg_postblock_9 jeg_postblock jeg_module_hook jeg_pagination_loadmore jeg_col_1o3 jnews_module__5_69fec76525dce   \" data-unique=\"jnews_module__5_69fec76525dce\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jeg_block_heading jeg_block_heading_6 jeg_subcat_right\">\n                     <h3 class=\"jeg_block_title\"><span>Environment<\/span><\/h3>\n                     \n                 <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jeg_block_container\">\n                    \n                    <div class='jeg_empty_module'>No Content Available<\/div>\n                    <div class='module-overlay'>\n\t\t\t\t    <div class='preloader_type preloader_dot'>\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"module-preloader jeg_preloader dot\">\n\t\t\t\t            <span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"module-preloader jeg_preloader circle\">\n\t\t\t\t            <div class=\"jnews_preloader_circle_outer\">\n\t\t\t\t                <div class=\"jnews_preloader_circle_inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t            <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"module-preloader jeg_preloader square\">\n\t\t\t\t            <div class=\"jeg_square\">\n\t\t\t\t                <div class=\"jeg_square_inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t            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\",\"_border_hover_border\":\"\",\"_border_hover_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_hover_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius_hover\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_hover_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_hover_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_box_shadow_hover_box_shadow_position\":\" \",\"_border_hover_transition\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_switch\":\"\",\"_mask_shape\":\"circle\",\"_mask_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_mask_size\":\"contain\",\"_mask_size_scale\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_position\":\"center center\",\"_mask_position_x\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0,\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_position_y\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0,\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\",\"_attributes\":\"\",\"custom_css\":\"\",\"paged\":1,\"column_class\":\"jeg_col_1o3\",\"class\":\"jnews_block_9\"};<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea56da elementor-widget elementor-widget-jnews_block_21_elementor\" data-id=\"6ea56da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jnews_block_21_elementor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg_postblock_21 jeg_postblock jeg_module_hook jeg_pagination_loadmore jeg_col_1o3 jnews_module__6_69fec7652a0b5   \" data-unique=\"jnews_module__6_69fec7652a0b5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jeg_block_heading jeg_block_heading_6 jeg_subcat_right\">\n                   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\",\"_border_hover_border\":\"\",\"_border_hover_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_border_hover_color\":\"\",\"_border_radius_hover\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"\",\"right\":\"\",\"bottom\":\"\",\"left\":\"\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_box_shadow_hover_box_shadow_type\":\"\",\"_box_shadow_hover_box_shadow\":{\"horizontal\":0,\"vertical\":0,\"blur\":10,\"spread\":0,\"color\":\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\"},\"_box_shadow_hover_box_shadow_position\":\" \",\"_border_hover_transition\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_switch\":\"\",\"_mask_shape\":\"circle\",\"_mask_image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\",\"size\":\"\"},\"_mask_size\":\"contain\",\"_mask_size_scale\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_position\":\"center center\",\"_mask_position_x\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0,\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_position_y\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":0,\"sizes\":[]},\"_mask_repeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"hide_desktop\":\"\",\"hide_tablet\":\"\",\"hide_mobile\":\"\",\"_attributes\":\"\",\"custom_css\":\"\",\"paged\":1,\"column_class\":\"jeg_col_1o3\",\"class\":\"jnews_block_21\"};<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c013dda elementor-widget elementor-widget-jnews_block_9_elementor\" data-id=\"c013dda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jnews_block_9_elementor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg_postblock_9 jeg_postblock jeg_module_hook jeg_pagination_loadmore jeg_col_1o3 jnews_module__7_69fec7652bc3f   \" data-unique=\"jnews_module__7_69fec7652bc3f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jeg_block_heading jeg_block_heading_6 jeg_subcat_right\">\n                     <h3 class=\"jeg_block_title\"><span>Entertainment<\/span><\/h3>\n                     <div class=\"jeg_subcat\">\n                    <ul class=\"jeg_subcat_list\">\n                        <li><a class=\"subclass-filter current\" href=\"#\" data-type='all' data-id='0'>All<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"subclass-filter\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/index.php\/category\/divertissement\/gaming\/\" data-type='category' data-id='18'>Gaming<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"subclass-filter\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/index.php\/category\/divertissement\/movie\/\" data-type='category' data-id='19'>Movie<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"subclass-filter\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/index.php\/category\/divertissement\/music\/\" data-type='category' data-id='20'>Music<\/a><\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n                 <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jeg_block_container\">\n                    \n                    <div class='jeg_empty_module'>No Content 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<h3 class=\"jeg_block_title\"><span>Tech<\/span><\/h3>\n                     <div class=\"jeg_subcat\">\n                    <ul class=\"jeg_subcat_list\">\n                        <li><a class=\"subclass-filter current\" href=\"#\" data-type='all' data-id='0'>All<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"subclass-filter\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/tech-fr\/applications\/\" data-type='category' data-id='142'>Applications<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"subclass-filter\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/index.php\/category\/tech-fr\/gadget\/\" data-type='category' data-id='14'>Gadget<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"subclass-filter\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/tech-fr\/mobile-fr\/\" data-type='category' data-id='153'>Mobile<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"subclass-filter\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/index.php\/category\/tech-fr\/startup\/\" data-type='category' data-id='16'>Startup<\/a><\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                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data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-jnews_tab_post.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jeg_tabpost_widget\"><ul class=\"jeg_tabpost_nav\">\n\t\t\t<li data-tab-content=\"jeg_tabpost_1\" class=\"active\">Tendance<\/li>\n\t\t\t<li data-tab-content=\"jeg_tabpost_2\">Commentaires<\/li>\n\t\t\t<li data-tab-content=\"jeg_tabpost_3\">Derni\u00e8res nouvelles<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul><div class=\"jeg_tabpost_content\"><div class=\"jeg_tabpost_item active\" id=\"jeg_tabpost_1\"><div class=\"jegwidgetpopular\"><div class=\"jeg_post jeg_pl_sm format-standard\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_thumb\">\n                        \n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/les-ressources-naturelles-de-lafrique-qui-cherche-quoi-et-quelle-est-la-strategie-du-continent-dans-la-course-aux-ressources-naturelles\/\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container animate-lazy  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-120x86 size-jnews-120x86 lazyload wp-post-image\" alt=\"Les ressources naturelles de l&#039;Afrique : Qui cherche quoi et quelle est la strat\u00e9gie du continent dans la course aux ressources naturelles ?\" sizes=\"(max-width: 120px) 100vw, 120px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Africas-Natural-Resources-120x86.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Africas-Natural-Resources-120x86.jpg 120w, https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Africas-Natural-Resources-350x250.jpg 350w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-expand=\"700\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"jeg_postblock_content\">\n                        <h3 class=\"jeg_post_title\"><a property=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/les-ressources-naturelles-de-lafrique-qui-cherche-quoi-et-quelle-est-la-strategie-du-continent-dans-la-course-aux-ressources-naturelles\/\">Les ressources naturelles de l&rsquo;Afrique : Qui cherche quoi et quelle est la strat\u00e9gie du continent dans la course aux ressources naturelles ?<\/a><\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_meta_date\"><i class=\"fa fa-clock-o\"><\/i> 14 mars 2026<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_post jeg_pl_sm format-standard\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_thumb\">\n                        \n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/effets-de-la-surpopulation-des-classes-sur-la-qualite-de-lenseignement\/\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container animate-lazy  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"86\" 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href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/formation-de-lalliance-des-etats-du-sahel-objectifs-et-implications-pour-la-cedeao\/\">Formation de l&rsquo;Alliance des Etats du Sahel : Objectifs et implications pour la CEDEAO<\/a><\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_meta_like\"><i class=\"fa fa-comment-o\"><\/i> 0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class=\"jeg_post jeg_pl_sm format-standard\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_thumb\">\n                        \n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/lintegration-de-la-securite-environnementale-dans-la-strategie-de-securite-nationale-du-ghana-preserve-lavenir\/\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container animate-lazy  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"86\" 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href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/lintegration-de-la-securite-environnementale-dans-la-strategie-de-securite-nationale-du-ghana-preserve-lavenir\/\">L&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 environnementale dans la strat\u00e9gie de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale du Ghana pr\u00e9serve l&rsquo;avenir<\/a><\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_meta_like\"><i class=\"fa fa-comment-o\"><\/i> 0<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jeg_tabpost_item\" id=\"jeg_tabpost_3\"><div class=\"jegwidgetpopular\"><div class=\"jeg_post jeg_pl_sm format-standard\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_thumb\">\n                        \n                        <a 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class=\"jeg_post_title\"><a property=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/leffet-de-contagion-du-sahel-comment-le-ghana-evite-ou-retarde-simplement-lextremisme-violent\/\">L&rsquo;effet de contagion du Sahel : comment le Ghana \u00e9vite ou retarde simplement l&rsquo;extr\u00e9misme violent<\/a><\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_meta_like\"><i class=\"fa fa-clock-o\"><\/i> 4 mai 2026<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d83f2e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-jnews_popular\" data-id=\"d83f2e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-jnews_popular.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jeg_block_heading jeg_block_heading_6 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alt=\"Les ressources naturelles de l&#039;Afrique : Qui cherche quoi et quelle est la strat\u00e9gie du continent dans la course aux ressources naturelles ?\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Africas-Natural-Resources-350x250.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Africas-Natural-Resources-350x250.jpg 350w, https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Africas-Natural-Resources-120x86.jpg 120w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-expand=\"700\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                <\/div>\n                <h3 class=\"jeg_post_title\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/les-ressources-naturelles-de-lafrique-qui-cherche-quoi-et-quelle-est-la-strategie-du-continent-dans-la-course-aux-ressources-naturelles\/\" data-num=\"01\">Les ressources naturelles de l&rsquo;Afrique : Qui cherche quoi et quelle est la strat\u00e9gie du 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src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-350x250 size-jnews-350x250 lazyload wp-post-image\" alt=\"LA CEDEAO A LA CROISEE DES CHEMINS : La rupture de l&#039;AES, la diplomatie des \u00c9tats c\u00f4tiers et l&#039;avenir de l&#039;architecture de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Afrique de l&#039;Ouest.\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ECOWAS-AT-A-CROSSROADS-The-AES-Breakaway-Coastal-State-Diplomacy-and-the-Future-of-West-African-Security-Architecture-350x250.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ECOWAS-AT-A-CROSSROADS-The-AES-Breakaway-Coastal-State-Diplomacy-and-the-Future-of-West-African-Security-Architecture-350x250.png 350w, 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format-standard\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_thumb\">\n                        \n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/le-cyberespionnage-parraine-par-des-etats-en-afrique-le-cas-dune-doctrine-continentale-de-cybersecurite\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: Le cyberespionnage parrain\u00e9 par des \u00c9tats en Afrique : Le cas d&rsquo;une doctrine continentale de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container animate-lazy  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-350x250 size-jnews-350x250 lazyload wp-post-image\" alt=\"Le cyberespionnage parrain\u00e9 par des \u00c9tats en Afrique : Le cas d&#039;une doctrine continentale de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/State-Sponsored-Cyber-Espionage-in-Africa-The-Case-for-a-Continental-Cybersecurity-Doctrine-350x250.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/State-Sponsored-Cyber-Espionage-in-Africa-The-Case-for-a-Continental-Cybersecurity-Doctrine-350x250.png 350w, https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/State-Sponsored-Cyber-Espionage-in-Africa-The-Case-for-a-Continental-Cybersecurity-Doctrine-120x86.png 120w, https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/State-Sponsored-Cyber-Espionage-in-Africa-The-Case-for-a-Continental-Cybersecurity-Doctrine-750x536.png 750w, https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/State-Sponsored-Cyber-Espionage-in-Africa-The-Case-for-a-Continental-Cybersecurity-Doctrine-1140x815.png 1140w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-expand=\"700\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div 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href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/erosion-du-bouclier-democratique\/\">\u00c9rosion du bouclier d\u00e9mocratique<\/a><\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><div class=\"jeg_meta_date\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/erosion-du-bouclier-democratique\/\" ><i class=\"fa fa-clock-o\"><\/i> 4 mai 2026<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jeg_post_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"jeg_post format-standard\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_thumb\">\n                        \n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/leffet-de-contagion-du-sahel-comment-le-ghana-evite-ou-retarde-simplement-lextremisme-violent\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: L&rsquo;effet de contagion du Sahel : comment le Ghana \u00e9vite ou retarde simplement l&rsquo;extr\u00e9misme violent\"><div 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https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/THE-SAHEL-CONTAGION-EFFECT-HOW-GHANA-AVOIDS-OR-MERELY-DELAYS-VIOLENT-EXTREMISM-750x536.png 750w, https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/THE-SAHEL-CONTAGION-EFFECT-HOW-GHANA-AVOIDS-OR-MERELY-DELAYS-VIOLENT-EXTREMISM-1140x815.png 1140w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-expand=\"700\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"overlay_content\">\n                        <div class=\"jeg_postblock_content\">\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_category\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/category\/editorial-fr\/\" class=\"category-editorial-fr\">\u00c9DITORIAL<\/a><\/div>\n                            <h3 class=\"jeg_post_title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/leffet-de-contagion-du-sahel-comment-le-ghana-evite-ou-retarde-simplement-lextremisme-violent\/\">L&rsquo;effet de contagion du Sahel : comment le Ghana \u00e9vite ou retarde simplement l&rsquo;extr\u00e9misme violent<\/a><\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><div class=\"jeg_meta_date\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/leffet-de-contagion-du-sahel-comment-le-ghana-evite-ou-retarde-simplement-lextremisme-violent\/\" ><i class=\"fa fa-clock-o\"><\/i> 4 mai 2026<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"jeg_post_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"jeg_post format-standard\">\n                    <div class=\"jeg_thumb\">\n                        \n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/la-ligne-de-front-invisible-reconceptualiser-la-guerre-non-conventionnelle-dans-les-annees-2020\/\" aria-label=\"Read article: La ligne de front invisible : Reconceptualiser la guerre non conventionnelle dans les ann\u00e9es 2020\"><div class=\"thumbnail-container animate-lazy  size-715 \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/themes\/jnews\/assets\/img\/jeg-empty.png\" class=\"attachment-jnews-350x250 size-jnews-350x250 lazyload wp-post-image\" alt=\"La ligne de front invisible Reconceptualiser la guerre non conventionnelle dans les ann\u00e9es 2020\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/The-Invisible-Front-Line-Reconceptualising-Unconventional-Warfare-in-the-2020s-350x250.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/The-Invisible-Front-Line-Reconceptualising-Unconventional-Warfare-in-the-2020s-350x250.png 350w, https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/The-Invisible-Front-Line-Reconceptualising-Unconventional-Warfare-in-the-2020s-120x86.png 120w, 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les ann\u00e9es 2020<\/a><\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"jeg_post_meta\"><div class=\"jeg_meta_date\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cisanewsletter.com\/fr\/index.php\/la-ligne-de-front-invisible-reconceptualiser-la-guerre-non-conventionnelle-dans-les-annees-2020\/\" ><i class=\"fa fa-clock-o\"><\/i> 27 avril 2026<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eebc3b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jnews_element_ads_elementor\" data-id=\"eebc3b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jnews_element_ads_elementor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class='jeg_ad jeg_ad_module jnews_module__12_69fec7654c9f4   '><div class='ads-wrapper'><a href='http:\/\/bit.ly\/jnewsio' aria-label=\"Visit 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